Pepper spray is a popular go-to when it comes to personal safety. But does it expire? How do you know if it’s expired? Is it safe to use expired pepper spray?

In this guide, we’ll explore whether pepper spray has an expiration date and how to make sure yours is ready when you need it. From checking the condition of your canister to understanding the factors that affect its shelf life, we’ve got you covered. 

What Is Pepper Spray?

Pepper spray is a popular self-defense tool designed to temporarily disable an attacker and give you time to escape. When used, it causes intense irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. This reaction makes it hard for the attacker to see, breathe, or move. The effects begin almost instantly and can last up to an hour, depending on the situation.

One of the reasons pepper spray is so popular is its portability and ease of use. Most are compact enough to fit in a pocket, purse, or on a keychain. This makes them convenient to carry and easily accessible in emergencies. The spray usually works from a safe distance, with most reaching up to 10 feet. This lets you protect yourself without getting too close to an attacker.

Pepper spray is also non-lethal, meaning it doesn’t cause permanent harm. This makes it an effective yet responsible choice for self-defense. However, remember that it’s meant for protection, not aggression. So, it should only be used when necessary. Although it doesn’t require special training, knowing how to use one prevents accidents and makes you more confident during an emergency.

You should also know that pepper spray laws vary depending on where you live. While pepper spray is legal in the US, some states restrict how it can be purchased or carried. Check your local regulations to make sure you’re using it legally. 

Pepper spray has become one of the most trusted tools for personal safety because it’s affordable, accessible, and effective. Carrying it gives you peace of mind, whether you’re walking alone at night or hiking in remote areas.

What Does Pepper Spray Contain?

Pepper spray gets its power from oleoresin capsicum (OC), a concentrated extract from hot chili peppers like cayenne. This substance makes chili peppers spicy. When sprayed, it creates a burning sensation that irritates the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. These make it hard for an attacker to see, breathe, or move. 

Manufacturers grind chili peppers and extract the capsaicin using ethanol to make pepper spray. Once the ethanol evaporates, they’re left with a thick, waxy resin called oleoresin capsicum. Because this resin is too dense to spray effectively, it’s mixed with a liquid base like water or oil. They also add an emulsifier, such as propylene glycol. This helps blend the ingredients and prevents them from separating so the spray works consistently.

The solution is then stored in a pressurized canister. The pressure releases the contents as an aerosol when activated. This ensures the spray can reach the target quickly and from a safe distance. Some pepper sprays also include alcohol to enhance how much active ingredient penetrates the skin. While this makes the spray more effective, it can ignite, especially when used with stun guns. 

The intensity of pepper spray is measured by its capsaicin and related capsaicinoids (CRC) content. Personal pepper sprays usually have a CRC of 0.18% to 3%, while those used by law enforcement have a CRC of 1.3% to 2%. The higher the CRC, the more intense the burning sensation.

How Does Pepper Spray Work?

Pepper spray works fast. In particular, it causes intense discomfort to stop an attacker in their tracks. It hits the eyes first, creating a sharp, burning sensation that forces their eyes to tear up and close. It’s like splashing supercharged hot sauce in their face. It’s stinging, blinding, and uncomfortable.

The effects don’t stop there. The irritation can spread to the throat, making breathing, talking, or swallowing hard. Attackers can also experience coughing, wheezing, and a burning feeling in their chest. The skin, especially on the face and neck, also feels like it’s on fire, which adds to the overwhelming pain.

These combined effects disorient the attacker and make it nearly impossible to focus or continue their assault. The discomfort kicks in almost immediately and can last between 20 minutes to an hour, with lingering pain depending on the individual. This gives you time to escape. 

In short, pepper spray overwhelms the senses, making it an effective self-defense tool. It’s not lethal but powerful enough to temporarily incapacitate someone.

Does Pepper Spray Expire?

Yes, pepper spray expires. The main reason is its ingredients break down over time. For one, the propellant inside the canister, which helps the spray come out with force, loses pressure as it ages. Without enough pressure, the spray won’t shoot as far or as strongly, making it less effective in an emergency. 

The active ingredient, oleoresin capsicum, also loses its potency. Over time, the concentration decreases, so the spray won’t cause as much irritation or discomfort. Temperature also plays a big role in how long your pepper spray lasts. The ingredients can degrade more quickly if the canister is constantly exposed to extreme heat or cold. High heat can cause the active ingredient to break down. Plus, freezing temperatures can weaken the propellant’s pressure. Storing your pepper spray in a stable environment prevents these from happening.

Your pepper spray may look fine outside, but it won’t work properly if it’s past its expiration date. That’s why it’s important to check the expiration date and replace it when needed. Remember, using pepper spray that hasn’t expired can save your life. 

How Long Does Pepper Spray Last?

Pepper sprays usually last for two years, but the exact shelf life depends on many factors. It can max out its expiration date if you keep it in a cool, dry place. Exposure to heat and sunlight can shorten its effectiveness, so don’t leave it in your car or near windows.

The canister and pressure might also be affected once used. It might still spray after it expires, but the capsaicin might not be effective anymore. It’s not something you want to mess with when it comes to self-defense, so check the expiration date.

Make sure to regularly test your pepper spray as well. Some recommend doing this once a year, just to be safe. If you’re not sure when it was purchased or if it's been sitting around for a while, it’s better to replace it.

How Do You Know if Pepper Spray Is Bad?

Keep these checks in mind to make sure your pepper spray stays reliable. Here’s a simple step-by-step guide to check if your pepper spray is expired:

1. Check the Expiration Date

Look for the expiration date printed on the can. If it’s past that date, replace your pepper spray, even if you haven’t used it.

2. Test It

Press the button or trigger. The pressure inside has dropped if the spray comes out weakly or not at all. Without enough pressure, the spray won’t work properly. Experts recommend testing your pepper spray every three to six months. Do a quick spray outside to see if it has a strong, consistent stream. If it’s weak, it's time to replace it.

3. Look for Clogs or Leaks

Inspect the nozzle for clogs. If it’s blocked, the contents won’t come out properly. Also, check the can for damage or leaks, especially around the edges. Leaks can cause the spray to contact your skin, which is a no-go.

4. Feel the Pressure 

Press the nozzle. Do you feel any resistance? If yes, you’re good to go. But if it feels too easy, the pressure is low. This means the pepper spray will be less powerful.

5. Check for Dents or Damage

Examine the canister for any dents or damage. This can affect how the pepper spray works, even if it’s not expired.

6. Trust Your Nose

Spray a little bit on a piece of tissue paper. Something might be wrong if the content smells off (more than usual). Always trust your nose. 

7. Consider How You Stored It

Pepper spray should be stored in a cool, dry place. It will lose its effectiveness before the expiration date if it’s been exposed to extreme heat or cold.

Is It Dangerous to Use Expired Pepper Spray? 

Using expired pepper spray is dangerous. For one, it becomes unreliable when it’s past its prime. The spray can also lose its power, so it can’t stop an attacker. The pressure inside the canister also drops over time, which weakens the spray. This means it won't provide the protection you need. Imagine wanting to defend yourself, but all you get is a puff of air or a weak stream.

The chemicals inside the pepper spray also degrade, making it less effective. Over time, parts like the spring, seals, and nozzle wear out. These can lead to clogs or leaks that make the spray less effective. 

Proper storage can extend the life of your pepper spray. But you have no choice but to replace it once it’s expired. Always check the expiration date and regularly check it to make sure it’s in top shape. 

What to Do With Expired Pepper Spray

Got an expired can of pepper spray lying around? Dispose of it the right way to keep yourself, others, and the environment safe. Here's a quick guide: 

1. Check Local Guidelines

First, find out your area's rules for throwing hazardous materials. You can ask local waste management authorities or environmental agencies for more information. 

2. Wear Protective Gear

Always wear gloves and eye protection when handling expired pepper spray. Wash your hands thoroughly afterward.

3. Discharge Outdoors (If Safe)

You can discharge the remaining content outdoors if local rules allow. Choose a well-ventilated area away from people, pets, and plants. Wear protective gear and spray downwind to avoid inhaling the fumes. 

4. Don't Toss It in the Trash

Do not throw pepper spray in regular garbage. It's considered hazardous waste and dangerous to sanitation workers and the environment. The pressurized canister can explode, so treat it as hazardous waste.

5. Don’t Flush It

Flushing pepper spray down the toilet can contaminate your water. While this doesn’t happen often, it’s better to be safe than sorry.

6. Handle Leaks Carefully

Is the canister leaking? Place it in a plastic container with a secure lid. Then, send the container to a hazardous waste facility.

7. Use Designated Drop-Off Points

Some areas have special collection sites for hazardous items like pepper spray. Check with local authorities for locations and times. 

How to Store Your Pepper Spray

Storing your pepper spray the right way keeps it reliable. If you don’t know where to start, we got your back. Here’s how to store pepper spray properly: 

1. Keep It Cool and Dry

Put your pepper spray in a dry, cool place. Avoid areas like your car or bathroom, where humidity can contaminate the ingredients and cause leaks.

2. Avoid Extreme Temperatures

Don’t leave it in extremely hot or cold spots. Heat can cause it to burst, while cold temperatures can freeze the propellant. Keep it out of direct sunlight, too.

3. Keep It Away From Kids

Always store it out of children’s reach or anyone who might accidentally discharge it. A locked drawer or cabinet is a safe spot.

4. Store It Upright

Make sure your pepper spray is standing up when you store it. Doing this keeps the nozzle clear, maintains the pressure, and helps prevent leaks.

5. Protect It From Damage

Store it somewhere it won’t get knocked around. You don’t want the canister to leak or get damaged. Make it easy to grab but safe from bumps.

Where to Find Pepper Spray’s Expiration Date 

The expiration date for pepper is usually printed on the canister. Others print it on a sticker.  Look for it on the bottom or the side of the can. It’s often in small text, so you might need to look closely. If it’s not clearly labeled, check the packaging in which it came in. Some brands also include a manufacture date, which can help you figure out how long it’ll last. If you can't find either, it’s safe to assume the spray is good for about two years from the manufacturing date. Always check the date to make sure your pepper spray’s not expired.

Prepared Hero Pepper Spray

Not all pepper sprays are made equal. For instance, Prepared Hero’s Pepper Spray Keychain lasts longer than other brands. Most pepper sprays usually last for two years, but this lasts for five. Check out this table to rethink your current choice.

Need a stronger formula (same as the one used by the police) with a longer range? Prepared Hero's Pepper Spray Max can work up to 20 feet. It also comes with a safety cover that prevents accidental discharge and easily moves out of the way, so you can use the spray extremely fast. It’s the perfect companion when you go out at night, walk alone, drive strangers, jog, or walk your dog. Check out its features below: 

Conclusion

Knowing when pepper spray expires and how to keep it in top shape helps you stay safe. Always check the expiration date, store it properly, and replace it when needed. Doing this makes your spray ready to protect you from attackers. Remember, expired or damaged spray is no help in an emergency. Stay safe, hero!